11 and New York City firefighters post hoc unit support and control climates A context theory of the consequences of involvement in traumatic work

9/11 and New York City firemen post hoc unit backing and control atmospheres A setting hypothesis of the outcomes of inclusion in awful work Presentation The examination article viable for investigation is by Bacharach and Bamberger (2007) named â€Å"9/11 and New York City firemen post hoc unit backing and control atmospheres: A setting hypothesis of the results of contribution in horrible business related events.† The focal point of this paper is on scales’ legitimacy, estimations, namelessness, uncertainty and reaction sets. The paper will likewise portray the DASS review things and will dissect the inspecting used to assess the example qualities and shortcomings and offer recommendations.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on 9/11 and New York City firemen post hoc unit backing and control atmospheres: A setting hypothesis of the results of inclusion in horrendous business related occasions by Bacharach and Bamberger explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Scales Analysis The reliant factors gloom, tension and stress depended on the DASS scale for estimating pressure and ment al characteristics. The scales went from 0 to 3 where 0 suggested â€Å"did not concern me at all,† 1 was deciphered as â€Å"applied somewhat or a portion of the time; 2 inferred â€Å"applied to a significant degree or a decent piece of the time,† while 3 inferred â€Å"applied to the member without question or a large portion of the time† (Bacharach Bamberger, 2007, p. 851). The autonomous factors of force of basic episode inclusion depended on an estimation size of 0 or 1 for agreed to the 15 methods of association while for the four including self injury a size of 2 to 5 was utilized where 2 spoke to a minor physical issue with no prerequisite of treatment and 5 speaking to serious injury requiring clinical consideration and being put on light obligation or leave. The range for post horrendous pain depended on Weiss Marmar (1997) Impact of Event Scale Revised (IES-R) which involved a size of 0 to 4 where 0 inferred â€Å"not at all,† 1 implied †Å"a little bit,† 2 suggested â€Å"moderately,† 3 for â€Å"quite a bit† and 4 spoke to â€Å"frequently† (p. 56). The current unit control atmosphere was estimated on an info size of 1 to 7 with 1 speaking to â€Å"little or no input† and 7 inferring â€Å"a extraordinary arrangement of input† (Bacharach Bamberger, 2007, p. 853). The current administrative help atmosphere was to measure the recurrence of help inside a size of 1 speaking to not in any manner, to 4 speaking to frequently. The social attractive quality predisposition was controlled and estimated utilizing the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR) scale. Other basic occurrences associations were controlled and evaluated utilizing the estimation scale utilized for basic episode contribution with incorporation of the scale demonstrating the occasions a member was engaged with a basic occurrence going from 0 (suggesting zero or no occasions) to 7 (inferring seven or sig nificantly more occasions). Face Validity and Measurement examination The estimation of mental states, for example, sorrow, nervousness and stress has demonstrated to be solid particularly with the utilization of the DASS 21 scale. The utilization of the scale to gauge discouragement, uneasiness, and stress is face legitimate (Miller, Cardinal Glick, 1997). The basic episode contribution measure used to test the inclusion in a basic occurrence utilizing the 15 modes scale on the certifiable premise is valid.Advertising Looking for article on correspondences media? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Impact of Event Scale-Revised used to quantify the post horrible pain is restricted in legitimacy because of the predisposition in the scales portrayed as â€Å"a little bit†, â€Å"moderately† and â€Å"quite a bit.† The measure for current unit control atmosphere used to test the degree of contribution of the work is legitimate in spite of the fact that it is constrained by the utilization of review strategy with the nearby relationship of the scale from 2 to 6 levels. The estimation of administrative atmosphere to test for the recurrence of help is legitimate with the reactions obviously sketched out. The utilization of Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding scale to evaluate and control for social attractive quality predisposition is substantial in spite of the fact that the scale goes back over ten years from the exploration year (Johns, 2006). Namelessness Analysis The current unit control atmosphere requires the info level of the members in six significant choice regions of their boss organization while the current administrative help atmosphere requires data on the recurrence of the help of the organization to the members. On an individual level, I would not answer them honestly since any negative reaction would make a terrible picture for the organization and may influence my work with the organization. Uncertainty and Response Sets Analysis The current unit control atmosphere estimation size of the information level of the members to the six significant choices of the organization is vague since input level is subject to the hierarchical structure while the six choices may not be of high hugeness for certain organizations. The four modes scale for estimating the basic episode inclusion as far as the degree of physical injury is likewise questionable since just physical injury is depended on while passionate, mental and different wounds are not surveyed. The current unit control atmosphere that utilizes input scale things is available to different reactions because of the distinctions in the organizations, current situation of the member of the member in the organization, desires for the member on the amount they should be included and the picture this thing models for the company.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on 9/11 and New York Ci ty firemen post hoc unit backing and control atmospheres: A setting hypothesis of the results of inclusion in awful business related occasions by Bacharach and Bamberger explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The current administrative control atmosphere is additionally open to a few understandings of help starting with one member then onto the next since the translation of help might be as far as directing administrations, fiscal advantages, leaves, etc with the recurrence subject to impacts of the desires for the members and friends strategy (Johns, 2006). Order of DASS Survey Items DASS 21 Statements Depression Anxiety Stress I thought that it was difficult to slow down X I knew about dryness of my mouth X I couldnt appear to encounter any constructive inclination whatsoever X I encountered breathing trouble (e.g., too much fast breathing, windedness without physical effort) X I thought that it was hard to stir up the activity to do things X I tended to over-respo nd to circumstances X I encountered trembling (e.g., in the hands) X I felt that I was utilizing a great deal of apprehensive vitality X I was stressed over circumstances in which I may frenzy and make a simpleton of myself X I felt that I had nothing to anticipate X I wound up getting fomented X I thought that it was hard to loosen up X I felt despondent and blue X I was prejudiced of whatever shielded me from continuing ahead with what I was doing X I believed I was near frenzy X I couldn't get eager about anything X I believed I wasnt worth a lot as an individual X I felt that I was fairly tricky X I knew about the activity of my heart without physical effort (e.g., feeling of pulse increment, heart thinking twice) X I felt frightened with no valid justification X I felt that life was pointless X Sampling examination The example utilized in the investigation incorporated those members who determined the organization they worked for just as their sexual orientation narrowing down the example to incorporate those 101 organizations that had in any event five respondents. The last example was of n= 1,110 with age going somewhere in the range of 21 and 60 years and a mean age of 33 years. The example was not decisive dependent on sexual orientation contrasts, while the issue of organization detail constrained the degree (Johns, 2006). The specialists utilized probabilistic inspecting methods to be specific irregular examining and delineated arbitrary testing which guaranteed the generalizability of the discoveries to comparative organizations. End The examination article viable gives important scales to the factors viable however is confronted with the confinements of reaction uncertainty because of the length of span between the event of the basic occurrence and the exploration which likewise restricts the legitimacy. Namelessness of the respondents was restricted while the example however constrained to fit the exploration pertinence doesn't indisputably cover sex viewpoints. Reference List Bacharach, S., Bamberger, P. (2007). 9/11 and New York City firemen post hoc unit backing and control atmospheres: A setting hypothesis of the results of association in horrendous business related occasions. The Academy of Management Journal, 50(4), 849-868. Johns, G. (2006). The fundamental effect of setting on hierarchical conduct. Foundation of Management Review, 31, 396â€408. Mill operator, C., Cardinal, B., Glick, H. (1997). Review reports in authoritative exploration: A reconsideration of ongoing proof. Foundation of Management Journal, 40, 189â€204.Advertising Searching for exposition on correspondences media? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Weiss, D., Marmar, C. (1997). The Impact of Event Scale-Revised. New York: Guildford.

Causes of the American Revolution :: Essays on American Revolution

During the late seventeen hundreds, numerous wild occasions brought about Colonial resistance to Great Britain. The states of rights of the settlers will gradually be changed as the narrowing of the parliament turns out to be increasingly unfortunate. During the Seven Years' War Britain was not just frightened by the settlers' emphasis on exchanging with the adversary, yet in addition with Boston traders recruiting James Otis so as to fight the legitimateness of the writs of help (general court orders) used to chase out pirated products. let the parliament lay what burthens they please on us, we should, it is our obligation to submit and quietly bear them, till they will be satisfied to calm us..... This is a solid decree, that in 1764, the pilgrims were of an agreeable sort, and were pitifully arguing for self-self-rule. This little fire of outrage will turn into a immense blaze as the rights are gradually repealed. On October 19, 1765 the Stamp Act Congress and Parliamentary Tax collection board of trustees' passed a few laws that endeavored to fortify the hold of the English crown. I.That his Majesty's subjects in these states, owe a similar faithfulness to the Crown of Great Britain that is owing from his subjects conceived inside the domain, and all due subjection to that august body, the Parliament of Great Britain. This announcement can be utilized as a summation of the whole report that the Stamp Act Congress had started. The announcement delineates the homesteaders has being agreeable and servile in the perspective on Great Britain, this arrangement maddened the homesteaders without question, and was another part of the change of the homesteaders' privileges and freedoms. At the point when the Declatory Act was passed in March of 1766, numerous provinces were endeavoring to guarantee that they were withdrawing from England. Though a few of the places of agents in his Majesty's settlements and estates in America, have recently, against law, or to the general gatherings of the equivalent, the sole and selective right of forcing obligations also, charges upon his Majesty's subjects in the said colonies....be it proclaimed ...., that the said states and estates in America, have been, are, and of right should be, subordinate unto, and ward upon the royal Crown and Parliament of Great Britain;. The Parliament obviously reviled the endeavor at independance and still dogmatilcally passed the accompanying law to show that the pilgrims were as yet english subjects. Once more, the pilgrims were incensed and later will oppose the english government on the states. All previously, are determined to direct exchange, and protect prpromote a commonly valuable intercourse between the few constituent pieces of the

How to Handle Major Life Events While in School

How to Handle Major Life Events While in School Here’s how you can manage major life events that occur while you’re in school Here’s how you can manage major life events that occur while you’re in school When a major life event occurs, it’s easy to begin to feel out of control since everything is going to change. There are several life-changing events that can have a domino effect on the rest of your life, such as: a health diagnosis, death, tumultuous break-ups or parents divorcing, and many other unpleasant circumstances. While major life events are sure to happen throughout the course of your life, it can be especially difficult to deal with them while also juggling school. Here are some ways that you can better manage coping with major life events that occur during school. Allow Yourself to Feel Ignoring your emotions may seem like a good idea in the moment since it helps you to concentrate on the task at hand, but, ignoring your emotions could lead to more issues later on. After all, if you bottle up the way you are feeling, you are bound to explode at some point. It’s better to feel horrible in the moment and take the proper steps to heal rather than suppressing your emotions and possibly experiencing more distress in the future. Stay Busy â€" Or Don’t! There’s no one way to cope since everyone experiences different levels of emotions, and has different ways of dealing with them. The main thing to keep in mind is to do what feels right. If you’re the type of person that needs to work and stay busy with activities in order to help regulate your feelings, that’s completely fine. With that being said, if you’re the kind of person that doesn’t want to do anything during this difficult time, that’s certainly fine as well! Take a break, lay down, and just take care of yourself. Stick With Supportive People Finding and sticking with a support system is a vital part of handling any major change you may experience. Whether you are feeling overwhelmed with sadness or extremely anxious about the unknown, your support system (be it friends, family, professional counsellors, etc.) should be there for you without judgement. Speak With Your Professors While you may be inclined to keep any issues in your life to yourself, it may be best to speak with your professors to make them aware. Waiting to say something until after you’ve missed a deadline will not help your case, but if you make your professors well-aware ahead of time that you are experiencing a major change that you’re trying to cope with, they will be more inclined to do whatever they can to help ease the stress and pressure (perhaps like moving a deadline or allowing you to miss a class but still receive the key notes for it). Who knows, they may even offer their own words of wisdom as a gesture of support. After all, professors are humans just like the rest of us and have likely experienced their own set of hardships over the years as well. Move On This is the most difficult part of overcoming any major life change as it involves the need to accept, feel your emotions, and let go. While you should certainly hold onto memories and look back to lessons learned, moving on will provide you with closure and the strength to just let things be. Major life events can be overwhelming since they change everything you know. They can affect your thinking, emotions, physical well-being, and your day-to-day functioning. While you can and should find ways to cope that are best for you, the most important thing to keep in mind is that you are not alone. If you’re falling behind in school due to an unexpected major life event, contact us to find out what we can do to help alleviate some of the workload. References: Medlock, L. S. (2013, October 22). 7 Things You Need to Know to Deal With Major Life Changes. Retrieved August 27, 2017, from How to Handle Major Life Events While in School Here’s how you can manage major life events that occur while you’re in school Here’s how you can manage major life events that occur while you’re in school When a major life event occurs, it’s easy to begin to feel out of control since everything is going to change. There are several life-changing events that can have a domino effect on the rest of your life, such as: a health diagnosis, death, tumultuous break-ups or parents divorcing, and many other unpleasant circumstances. While major life events are sure to happen throughout the course of your life, it can be especially difficult to deal with them while also juggling school. Here are some ways that you can better manage coping with major life events that occur during school. Allow Yourself to Feel Ignoring your emotions may seem like a good idea in the moment since it helps you to concentrate on the task at hand, but, ignoring your emotions could lead to more issues later on. After all, if you bottle up the way you are feeling, you are bound to explode at some point. It’s better to feel horrible in the moment and take the proper steps to heal rather than suppressing your emotions and possibly experiencing more distress in the future. Stay Busy â€" Or Don’t! There’s no one way to cope since everyone experiences different levels of emotions, and has different ways of dealing with them. The main thing to keep in mind is to do what feels right. If you’re the type of person that needs to work and stay busy with activities in order to help regulate your feelings, that’s completely fine. With that being said, if you’re the kind of person that doesn’t want to do anything during this difficult time, that’s certainly fine as well! Take a break, lay down, and just take care of yourself. Stick With Supportive People Finding and sticking with a support system is a vital part of handling any major change you may experience. Whether you are feeling overwhelmed with sadness or extremely anxious about the unknown, your support system (be it friends, family, professional counsellors, etc.) should be there for you without judgement. Speak With Your Professors While you may be inclined to keep any issues in your life to yourself, it may be best to speak with your professors to make them aware. Waiting to say something until after you’ve missed a deadline will not help your case, but if you make your professors well-aware ahead of time that you are experiencing a major change that you’re trying to cope with, they will be more inclined to do whatever they can to help ease the stress and pressure (perhaps like moving a deadline or allowing you to miss a class but still receive the key notes for it). Who knows, they may even offer their own words of wisdom as a gesture of support. After all, professors are humans just like the rest of us and have likely experienced their own set of hardships over the years as well. Move On This is the most difficult part of overcoming any major life change as it involves the need to accept, feel your emotions, and let go. While you should certainly hold onto memories and look back to lessons learned, moving on will provide you with closure and the strength to just let things be. Major life events can be overwhelming since they change everything you know. They can affect your thinking, emotions, physical well-being, and your day-to-day functioning. While you can and should find ways to cope that are best for you, the most important thing to keep in mind is that you are not alone. If you’re falling behind in school due to an unexpected major life event, contact us find out what we can do to help alleviate some of the workload. References: Medlock, L. S. (2013, October 22). 7 Things You Need to Know to Deal With Major Life Changes. Retrieved August 27, 2017, from

Elderly Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery - 1700 Words

Within this essay I will write about elderly patients, undergoing cataract surgery, as a particular vulnerable client group. The local Health Board (2014) define cataracts as the clouding of the lens, occurring as a natural part of the ageing process, preventing light from adequately reaching the retina and therefore having an effect on vision. This can be corrected through the surgical process of Phacoemulsification, through which the clouded portions of the lens are removed and replaced with an artificial implant (Local Health Board, 2014). Whilst it is common for cataracts to develop as a result of old age, they can also occur as the result of injury, inflammation, degenerative disease, or from the prolonged use of medication. It is also possible for children to be born with cataracts. Clients will be administered either a general or local anaesthetic prior to surgery, though the latter is safer and more commonly utilised due to fewer side effects and a faster recovery process (National Health Service, 2015). Occasionally an intraocular local anaesthetic may be used and in specific cases, where there are anticipated technical difficulties, a general anaesthetic may be more appropriate; for example, clients who have Downs Syndrome, or younger patients who are less likely to be co-operative (Khaw Peng, 2013). Improvements to surgical technique and an increased awareness of the possible complications has led to a much reduced risk of life-threatening outcomes, orShow MoreRelatedOffice Based Cataract Surgery : Advocacy Of A Nursing Professional2480 Words   |  10 PagesOffice Based Cataract Surgery: Advocacy of a Nursing Professional Barbara Bohan Wilkes University April 2, 2016 Abstract Cataract surgery has generally been performed in an ambulatory surgical center or a hospital outpatient facility. The Center for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) called for comments on its proposed Regulation 2016 Medicare Fee Schedule. With the high surgical intensity of cataract surgery and the importance of patient safety due to the existing co-morbidities of the elderly population;Read MoreThe Basics On Corrective Eye Surgery1604 Words   |  7 PagesThe basics on corrective eye surgery Before contact lenses finally became popular in the 50’s, eyeglasses had been the only practical way to correct refraction vision errors. Now however, there are several modern ways when it comes to correcting vision problems including corrective eye surgery. Corrective eye surgery ranges from laser reshaping of the eye surface known as LASIK and PRK to a surgically inserted artificial lens that corrects the eyesight. Within LASIK and other such similar proceduresRead MoreIndia Is A Leading Charity For Disadvantaged Elderly For More Than 3 Decades Essay3782 Words   |  16 PagesHelpAge India is a leading charity in India working with and for disadvantaged elderly for more than 3 decades. It was set up in 1978 and is registered under the Societies Registration Act of 1860. Traditionally the focus was to improve the quality of life of destitute elders primarily in the rural areas through its welfare projects by providing free rations, free medicines and consultations and condu ct free cataract surgeries. It slowly spread its wings and started focusing on long term sustainabilityRead MoreCaring For The Elderly And Aging2343 Words   |  10 PagesWalden University Caring for the Elderly and Aging Old age or the later years of adulthood and the final steps of life begins about the mid-sixties. .With people living longer, the elderly population is growing nearly as fast as the U.S. population as a whole. As more people retire from the labor force, the share of retired elderly will increase, demanding more health care and other resources. But most importantly, the elderly will be more visible in everyday life. For most of our populationRead MoreHigh School Senior Year Research Paper on Surgeons4371 Words   |  18 PagesSurgeons One might think of surgery as simple as going to the hospital and receiving a complex operation that saves ones life or improves their quality of life. What most people do not realize is the hardships that those people go through unless they had surgery performed on them themselves, and same thing for the surgeons it is not easy for them as well, even though they are professional and highly trained. Most people do not think about or even know of how surgery came to be what it is todayRead MoreNursing Care Plan Essay10501 Words   |  43 Pagestreatments have been started. Pt. Has a fungal lung infection with a pleural suction drainage tube inserted in his chest . Pt is extremely thin with poor skin turgor with a diagnosis of cachexia ( wasting) secondary to malnutrition and infection. Patient is no known allergies to drugs but is allergic to aerosol sprays disinfectants and dust.. Advanced directives on chart. Code status DNR. Primary physician Dr. R, Thoracic surgeon Dr. L. Psychology Dr.W. There is PT, OT Dietary and InfectiousRead MoreSocm Study Guide Essay30404 Words   |  122 Pagesdiagnosed patients in a given period, usually a year. Prevalence- refers to the number of persons with a disease at any one point in time. Morbidity- The frequency of disability within a population. Mortality- is a measure of the number of people dying in a given period. MF-0216 Identify the relative frequency of the leading causes of acute diseases. Acute diseases are those that last a short period of time, usually a few days to a few weeks. Any health condition that causes the patient to seek

The Ancient Practice of Bloodletting in Archaeology

Bloodletting--purposefully cutting the human body to release blood--is an ancient ritual, associated with both healing and sacrifice. Bloodletting was a regular form of medical treatment for ancient Greeks, with its benefits debated by scholars such as Hippocrates and Galen. Bloodletting in Central America Bloodletting or auto-sacrifice was a cultural trait of most of the societies in Mesoamerica, beginning with the Olmec perhaps as early as 1200 AD. This type of religious sacrifice involved a person using a sharp instrument such as an agave spine or sharks tooth to pierce a fleshy part of his own body. The resulting blood would drip onto a lump of copal incense or piece of cloth or bark paper, and then those materials would be burned. According to historical records of the Zapotec , Mixtec, and Maya, burning blood was one way to communicate with the sky gods. Artifacts associated with bloodletting include sharks teeth, maguey thorns, stingray spines, and obsidian blades. Specialized elite materials--obsidian eccentrics, greenstone picks, and spoons--are thought to have been used for elite bloodletting sacrifices in the  Formative period and later cultures. Bloodletting Spoons A so-called bloodletting spoon is a type of artifact discovered on many Olmec archaeological sites. Although there is some variety, the spoons generally have a flattened tail or blade, with a thickened end. The thick part has a shallow off-center bowl on one side and a second, smaller bowl on the other side. Spoons usually have a small hole pierced through them, and in Olmec art are often depicted as hanging from peoples clothing or ears. Bloodletting spoons have been recovered from Chalcatzingo, Chacsinkin, and Chichà ©n Itzà ¡; the images are found carved in murals and on stone sculptures at San Lorenzo, Cascajal, and Loma del Zapote. Olmec Spoon Functions The real function of the Olmec spoon has long been debated. Theyre called bloodletting spoons because originally scholars believed them to have been for holding blood from auto-sacrifice, the ritual of personal bloodletting. Some scholars still prefer that interpretation, but others have suggested spoons were for holding paints, or for use as snuffing platforms for taking hallucinogens, or even that they were effigies of the Big Dipper constellation. In a recent article in Ancient Mesoamerica, Billie J. A. Follensbee suggests Olmec spoons were part of a hitherto unrecognized toolkit for textile production. Her argument is in part based on the shape of the tool, which approximates bone weaving battens recognized in several Central American cultures, including some from Olmec sites. Follansbee also identifies several other tools made of elite greenstone or obsidian, such as spindle whorls, picks, and plaques, that could have been used in weaving or cord-making techniques. Sources Follensbee, Billie J. A. 2008. Fiber technology and weaving in formative-period Gulf Coast cultures. Ancient Mesoamerica 19:87-110. Marcus, Joyce. 2002. Blood and Bloodletting. Pp 81-82 in Archaeology of Ancient Mexico and Central America: An Encyclopedia, Susan Toby Evans and David L. Webster, eds. Garland Publishing, Inc. New York. Fitzsimmons, James L., Andrew Scherer, Stephen D. Houston, and Hector L. Escobedo 2003 Guardian of the Acropolis: The Sacred Space of a Royal Burial at Piedras Negras, Guatemala. Latin American Antiquity 14(4):449-468.

Scientific Sessions Free Essays

Name: Ornella Hayles ID Number: 816008392 Tutor: Sheldon Pilgrim Session: Tuesdays 2-3pm3700030000 Name: Ornella Hayles ID Number: 816008392 Tutor: Sheldon Pilgrim Session: Tuesdays 2-3pm44000341947525002514604000070000455003536315690006939915370000455003536315350003520440Sci, Med TechReflective Journal3600028000Sci, Med TechReflective JournalSession Date: 22/01/18 Session No: 1Session Title: Introduction to Science TechnologyIn the first session, the lecturer did an introduction of Science Technology and an overall view of the course outline. After the introduction, I got a perspective of what Science Technology was. At first, I thought the course was going to be essentially, about science since it was mainly being mentioned, but I was wrong. We will write a custom essay sample on Scientific Sessions or any similar topic only for you Order Now The lecturer took her time to clearly distinguished between science and technology and its importance to society or the world in general. She ensured that we all understood what she was lecturing by engaging us to respond to her questions, it appeared that she really wanted us to understand what was being taught so she went over what she said twice, two different ways which I appreciated. It helped me a lot to understand and grasp the concepts effectively. The use of visual cues seemed to work well with the class as it captured our attention and made us receptive. Through research I’ve come to realise scientists all have different perceptions of the word science. â€Å"Science does not purvey absolute truth, science is a mechanism. It’s a way of trying to improve your knowledge of nature, it’s a system for testing your thoughts against the universe and seeing whether they match† Isaac Asimov 1988. Science is important because it can solve some of our problems such as global warming and world hunger. I believe that science is still evolving and there’s trial and error with science which means we learn new information and we advance as humans but, it can all take years for such research or technology to be developed. â€Å"Technology can be thought of as the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes†. I’ve always considered technology and science to be separate now, through critical analysis I know that science and technology are closely associated with each other. Which means technology is a part of science, it has been in existence since the prehistoric human culture (stone age). In my opinion technology is everywhere although we might not realise it our note books are a form of technology whereby we use our knowledge to document for practical purposes like computers. Overall for my first time doing this course it was challenging but, I’ve come to appreciate science and technology more, subsequently I can’t imagine having to sleep without a roof above my head or having to cook using sticks and rocks. Through this experience I’ve got a spark of curiosity that makes me more enthusiastic to know more about science and technology. Scientists have reached so far in the field of technology whereby people can afford to do scientific research and make scientific break throughs from their own houses. The society we all know and accustomed to would be non-existent if it wasn’t for the advancement in technology. We’re so dependent on science and technology without realising it. 23 MORE WORDS Session Date: 29/01/18 Session No: 2 Session Title: Scientific Methods The Nature of ScienceFor the second session, the lecturer started class with a recap of science. â€Å"All of science is uncertain and subject to revision. The glory of science is to imagine more than we could prove† Freeman Dyson. To follow up with the course outline, she started the second topic. To my understanding science is like a puzzle, to see the full image you need to put the pieces together. This can be distinguished through the scientific process. â€Å"The scientific method is a series of steps followed by scientific investigators to answer specific questions about the natural world† Regina Bailey 2017. What surprised me the most about this process is the fifth step experimentation, which is the most important step in this process. This is so because it can cause major breakthroughs in the world of science or a reversal. Through science we can make technological advancements and end some of the world major problems. â€Å"Fields of engineering are closely related to applied science. Applied science is important for technology development† Wikipedia 2018. It is understood that through scientific knowledge scientists have been able to provide services for the wellbeing of humans. Through many experiments people have been saying technology is good because it helps people medically and physically, it connects us as human beings and gives us entertainment. On the plus side technology is causing us to become less social. With this experiment, it shows how technology is applicated through private and public knowledge orientation. â€Å"Scientific objectivity is a characteristic of scientific claims, methods and results. It expresses the idea that the claims, methods and results of science are not, or should not be influenced by particular perspective value commitments, community bias or personal interests, to name a few relevant factors. Objectivity is often considered as an ideal for scientific inquiry, as a good reason for valuing scientific knowledge, and as the basis of the authority of science in society† Stanford Encyclopedia of philosophy 2014. To my knowledge there are three methods that scientists use inductive approach, deductive approach and hypothetico -deductive approach. The inductive approach and deductive approach are opposite, where the inductive approach is based off fact then there’s a conclusion whilst deductive approach is a valid type of reasoning. Induction starts with observation, then a pattern, tentative, hypothesis and finally a theory. â€Å"In induction inference, we go from the specific to the general. We make many observations, discern a pattern, make a generalisation, and infer an explanation or a theory† Wassertheil Smoller 2017. Deduction has four stages theory, hypothesis, observation and confirmation. â€Å"Deductive reasoning is a logical process in which a conclusion is based on the concordance of multiple premises that are generally assumed to be true† Tech Target. Lastly hypothetico- deductive method which is seen as the only true method. What I understand is that the only way to truly test this is through experimentation which you either accept or reject the hypothesis and finally have an example. This week’s session journal was manageable enough for me. Session Date: 05/02/18 Session No: 3 Session Title: Scientific Methods, Theories and ModelsIn this week’s session, the lecturer started with the scientific method, then followed with theories and lastly models. Science is empirical, which means that it is based on observation over theory or logic. In class, we briefly discussed the history of scientific methods. It is understood that Plato 429-347 BC did not believe in empiricism but reasoning. â€Å"All knowledge could be obtained through pure reasoning (inductive), no need to actually go out and measure anything,† Plato 427-347 BC. â€Å"Contributions have been more influential, particularly when it comes to science and logical reasoning (deductive)† Aristotle 384-322 BC. Aristotle believed in empiricism. Personally, I agree with both Plato and Aristotle, for me science can be based on observation and reasoning also through empiricism where there’s a logical way to test such observations. A major point in this week’s session was observation. Observation is knowledge or data we acquire through experimentation. An example of observation from what I understand is the writing up of labs (biology or chemistry) for labs you have to observe then write what you understand. Through my research in observation I came across this question which intrigued me â€Å"Is creative concentration contagious?† Lynda Barry 2011. This brings me into another key example in topic three. When a baby sees his mother drinking in a cup, he tries to do the same with his cup, he holds it up and tries to take a sip from his cup. The baby first observes, then experiments. There are two types of observations, qualitative observations which uses your senses to observe the results and quantitative observations are made with instruments such as ruler, cylinders and thermometers which are tangible. These results are measurable. They could be used together or separately to measure data. Quantitative observation only gives statistical analysis after all the data has been gathered. What I understand from scientific theory is that it’s a repetition of a process of the natural to ensure the accuracy or legitimacy using a form of observation and experiment. An example of this would be no new evidence would show water is wet, or that you can see without your glasses. Experimentation is the process of performing a scientific procedure, especially in a laboratory, to determine something† Oxford dictionaries 2018. From the information, I gathered from the session so far is that observation and experimentation are relate and there are two types of observation. â€Å"A statement based on repeated experimental observations that describes some aspects of the universe is called a scientific law’ Wikipedia 2017. A scientific law doesn’t explain the why or what of this observed phenomenon. The explanation of this phenomenon is the scientific theory, this is why or how they are related. â€Å"In science, laws are a starting place† Peter Coppinger 2017. The description of such phenomenon is called a model. These models can be physical, conceptual or mathematical it is often used in scientific theories. How to cite Scientific Sessions, Papers

Role of a Leader for Good Communication Skills -myassignmenthelp

Question: Write about theRole of a Leader for Good Communication Skills. Answer: A good leader should have some qualities like honesty, confidence, good communication skills, creativity, inspiring others and several other factors (Cashman 2017). It is said that the best quality of a leader is honesty. The leader should always be honest so that the followers also get inspiration from him to be honest which would improve the team work. He should have the confidence to make his own decisions and show some boldness to achieve respect from his subordinates. The leader should have the ability to inspire others by setting positive examples. There are also bad qualities of a leader that I have known through my experiences. Some leaders are there who has lack of focus. Leadership is more about priority and less about balance (Amanchukwu, Stanley and Ololube 2015). It is important to be disciplined so that he can encourage his followers to be disciplined. There are some leaders who are not aware of their lack of information. Some leaders are even there who does not care about the opinion of his followers which is considered as a negative quality. I have come across with several leaders in my education life as well as professional life who have both positive and negative qualities. One of the instances that I want to give regarding a leader is that in my MBA class we were given a project to do in a team. The leader of that team was chosen by me and my team mates because we thought that he would lead our group in a well coordinated manner but later on we realized that he has some bad qualities like over confidence and he used o think that he knows everything and did not even bother to take opinion from others which led our project to downfall. References Amanchukwu, R.N., Stanley, G.J. and Ololube, N.P., 2015. A review of leadership theories, principles and styles and their relevance to educational management. Management,5(1), pp.6-14. Cashman, K., 2017.Leadership from the inside out: Becoming a leader for life. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.